Props are designated by these two numbers, for instance 10 - 6. The first number is the prop's length, 10". The second number is the pitch or angle of the blades. The 6 represents the distance the propeller will move forward in one revolution, in this case 6".
The size prop you select for a motor will be determined by the amount of amps the motor can sustain... you don't want a prop that would "pull" more amps than the rated amps for the motor when the motor is at full throttle. Usually most motor specs will list the recommended prop size range that will give you an approximate size prop to select but you still need to verify that when you setup the motor and prop, that the amp's being pulled in static testing don't go over the rated amount for that motor.