Short answer: Maybe, it depends.
500 to 550 may work for the motor and ESC. They're both 6S usually, but you may find the 550 a little underpowered by the 500 powerplant. Depends on what you were running. If it was a hot setup in the 500 then it will likely be fine in the 550, but lacking the pop you may be used to. And you'll likely need to size down the pinion a bit, depends on the maingear tooth count in the 550 vs the 500.
600 is usually a 12S setup, though. If your ESC is an HV model then you may be able to get away with it since 80A HV ESCs are pretty common in 600's and 80-100A non-HV is common in 500's. But if it isn't an HV then you'll likely need to change up. And the motor will not work since it will be high reving (1100+kv probably) vs a 500+kv usually used in a 600 size model due to the 12S battery setup.
Servos... depends. I've seen 500 kits that use full size and kits that use mini servos. The 550 and 600 will liekly use full size servos. You can pick up adapter plates for the minis to fit them in full size servo locations, but depending on what you have they may be under powered for the job.